REFORMING AND BIFUNCTION CATALYST
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
REFORMING PROCESS
MATERIALS FOR REFORMING CATALYST PROCESS
CATALYTICS IN REFORMING PROCESS
MACHANISM OF REFORMING PROCESS
CATALYST DEACTIVATION
CATALYSIS REGENERATION METHOD
REFORMING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Gasoline with high octane number.
To make aromatic compounds (BTX)
Collect Hydrogene, because Hydrogene is used for clearning products, in oil and gas field and others
REFORMING PROCESS
1. Dehydrogenation:

2. Isomezation:

3. Hydrocracking:
C9H20 + H2 C5H12 + C4H10
4. Coke forming
MATERIALS FOR REFORMING CATALYST PROCESS
Gasoline from directly distilling, gasoline from Visbreaking, Hydrocracking processes, mid-partition product of FCC process.
Component: hydrocarbon in C7-C11
The materials of reforming process is light hydorcarbon in distilation form 60oC to 210oC. Gasoline of cracking process (FCC) or others gasoline.

MATERIALS FOR REFORMING CATALYST PROCESS
Content of extraneous matter:
- H2O (compound consist of oxygen) ≤ 4 ppm
- S < 1ppm
- Metals (Pb, As, Sb, Cu...) < 1ppb



catalytics in reforming process
Catalytics in reforming process are bifunctional catalysts:
- Hidrogenation and dehydrogenation by the metals.


- Acidation to reform carbon pulses (isomerization, close cycle,…) is done by Al2O3 with special large surface and chlogenation to control acid force suitable.
catalytics in reforming process
Platin (Pt) usually be solution of platin chlohydric acid.
- Pt has oxidation-reduction to speed-up oxidation reaction.
- Dehydrogenation hydrocarbon to aromatic and cyclic alkanes
- It can decrease coke forming process on catalysis surface. >>>>>> Pt is about 0.2-0.6% (Wt).
Al2O3 is acidity carrying compounds, impulse isomerization, hydrocracking.
- We can use γ-Al2O3 has especial oscillating surface in 150-250 m2/g.
- Al2O3 must be pure (Fe and Na do not over 0.2% mass).
catalytics in reforming process
Beside Pt, there are Ir, Sn, Ge, Re
- S < 1 ppm.
- Ir = 0.02 – 0.6 % mass. Ir increases catalytic activity in running condition.
- Re = 0,2 ¸0,6% mass. Re decreases running pressure
- Sn = 0,25 ¸0,5% mass. Sn increases productivity productions.
MACHANISM OF REFORMING PROCESS

MACHANISM OF REFORMING PROCESS

RSH + H2 RH + H2S

CnH2n+2 + H2 CmH 2n+2 + CpH2p + 2

Paraffin Olefin Polyolefin

Coke
catalyst deactivation

Catalyst deactivation, the loss over time of catalytic activity or selectivity, shortened catalyst lifetime.
Coke condenses on the surface of catalyst
The compounds containing S
Pt + H2S Pt-S + H2
catalyst deactivation

Nitrogen will neutralize the acid centers.
Water in the materials will dissolve the acid canters, decrease the acidity of supported.
As, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg, Si, Fe combine with Pt form settled bonding, poison forever metal site
catalysis regeneration method

1. Oxidation method
Temperature: 3500C – 5000C
Oxygen: 8% of volume
Time: 4h
- We need to control condition reacting to avoid increasing heat fast to make damage to catalyst.
- Regenerating frequency depends on the condition of devices, normally 6 months.
catalysis regeneration method
2. Reduction method
- The compounds containing S can not be rejected totally by oxidation process, S exists in sulfate form
Change oxide Pt to pure Pt
Temperature: 4800C
Time: 4h
Hydrogen: 10% of volume (minimum)
Pressure: < 20 atm
catalysis regeneration method

3. Chlorination method
- Acid activity decreased because of the fact that the condensing coke on Al2O3 surface and amount of chlorine decreases because of effect of H2O in material and stream gas
Cl: 0.8-0.9 (%wt)
Temperature: 5100C
Oxygen: 1-1.5% of volume
Pressure: 7-10 atm
Time: around 6 hours
REFORMING TECHNOLOGIES IN REFORMING

1. Half-regenerating technology
REFORMING TECHNOLOGIES IN REFORMING
Fixed catalyst.
Materials stream system is transferred from one device to another.
When the coke is 15-20% weight of product, the system must be stopped to regenerate catalytics immediately, in device.
The catalytic usually works last from 6 months to 1 year. The regenating time lasts about two weeks.
REFORMING TECHNOLOGIES IN REFORMING
2. Continuously regenerating technology (CCR)
Class of catalysis moves smoothly, continuously in reactor devices with medium velocity (3-10 days).
All system always runs.
Class of catalysis must be put out the system to regenerate after taking part in reactions. Then, they are back to the system.

REFORMING TECHNOLOGIES IN REFORMING
The structure of reacting system
REFORMING TECHNOLOGIES IN REFORMING
PLATFORMING of UOP (USA)
This technology is the most popular (70% market place of CCR technology in the world)
conclusion
From Gasoline distilling, Visbreaking, Hydrocracking, mid-partition product of FCC process which are low octan number gasoline we can get gasoline with high octane number such as: BTX, isocompounds,…
Using bifunction catalyst: Pt/Al2O3 + Re, with specific machanism to reach some reacions: Dehydrogenation, isomesation, hydrocracking,..
During the time, the catalyst will be deactivation, so we need some ways to get back catalyst properties by regenerating process.
In the end, we show some technology to regenerate catalyst in the world.
We are can not lack of reforming catalyst process. It is developing in the world.
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