HANOI UNIVERSITY OF MINING AND GEOLOGY – UC DAVIS

TOPIC:
REFORMING AND BIFUNCTION CATALYST

Students:
Instructor

Chu VănThịnh
NguyễnVăn Nam
Class: Advanced program-K1

A.Prof. PhạmXuânNúi





Hanoi, 5/2013
PREFACE
Nowadays, using the engines have the high compression ratio require the high quality, especially high index of octane. To satisfy this requirement, it is mixed some additive or enhanced components for high-octane hydrocarbons into gasoline.Now to strict standards of environmental additives is traditionally tetra-etyl lead increases to 15-20 octane number but harmful to human health and environment so that it should almost be eliminated completely. For viable alternative additives such as MTBE, TAME also had some comments about the suspect`s ability to slow their decomposition in the environment. Currently in Vietnam appeared some new additives containing Mn, Fe can temporarily replace traditional additives. But these additives on the basis of this metal is also controversial, should be further clarified the possibility of environmental contamination. People tend to choose the second option, enhanced blending components from the deep processing such as cracking, reforming, isomerization ... [1]
When we knew our topic:REFORMING and BIFUNCTION CATALYST, we were totally eager ourselves. From that day, we were seeking for the information, from the books, library, through the internets,… and we have this one. Because of short time so that can not avoid lack of information or have some mistakes. We are greatful to Prof. Pham Xuan Nui for giving us a chance to do this task and helping us about knowledges in this subject, especially in REFORMING and BIFUNCTION CATALYST.




CONTENT
PAGE
PREFACE 2
INTRODUCTION 4
REFORMING PROCESS 5
3.1 Dehydrogenation 6
3.2 Isomezation 7
3.3 Hydrocracking 8
3.4 Deheterogeneous elements 9
3.5 Coke forming 9
MATERIALS FOR REFORMING CATALYST PROCESS
10
CATALYTICS IN REFORMING PROCESS 12
MACHANISM OF REFORMING PROCESS 16
CATALYST DEACTIVATION 18
7.1 Effect of coke forming 18
7.2 Effect of S in materials 18
7.3 Effect of N in materials 19
7.4 Effect of water in materials 19
7.5 Effect of metals in materials 19
VIII. CATALYSIS REGENERATION METHOD 20
a. Oxidation method 20
b. Reduction method 20
c. Chlorination method 21
d. Catalysis regeneration process 21

REFORMING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE WORLD 21
9.1 Half-regenerating technology 22
9.2 Continuously regenerating technology (CCR) 24
9.3 Some CCR technologies in the world 26
IX. CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………………......28
Reference 28

INTRODUCTION
The components for higher octane than gasoline from distilled directly, but cause less environmental pollution.In many countries, the choice of means of transport according to the quality of petrol and octane by the direction of the engine manufacturers. There are two quality levels 87 and 89, use the 87 more often. Need to understand this is the average value between octane measurement and research method octane motor measurement method: (RON + MON) / 2. At the gas station Vietnam people listed RON gasoline price index.
The aromatic hydrocarbons with a high octane gasoline made with high-octane reforming leading component of the gas composition of gasoline in the world today usually contains:
- Petroleum cracking catalysts: 35% tt
- Gasoline reforming catalyst: 30% t. t
- Gasoline alkylation: 20% tt
- Gasoline chemical isomers: 15% tt
From the data above shows, the second fuel reforming in commercial gasoline, gasoline only after cracking. Even in some areas such as the U.S., Western Europe, with the excess petrol reforming.







Some properties of reformat processing:
- Composition store: usually from 35-190 ° C
- Density: from 0.76 to 0.78 
- Index of RON octane: 94-103 (depend on technological conditions).
Due to important positions in the reforming of gasoline Commercial gasoline components, especially high-quality gasoline that is now in every refinery in the world often have a minimum of a catalytic reforming workshops. Processing capacity in the range of 40 tons/hour to 150 tons/hour.Total capacity of the factory catalytic reforming of all refineries in France up to 18 million tons a year. [2]
REFORMING PROCESS
Introduction
Reforming is one of the most important process in refining and petrochemistry company. It makes
Gasoline with high octane number (without lead).
To make aromatic compounds (Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, called BTX)
Collect Hydrogen (high amount and cheaper 10 or 15 times to other process), because Hydrogen is used for cleaning products, in oil and gas field and others.
The most important goal is increase octane number in gasoline with high quality. If we increase octane number from 66 to 88 then