Ha Noi University Of Mining And Geology


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DISCUSSION :
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS PROCESS

A.proff : Phạm Xuân Núi


Student : 1. Cao Minh Thiệu
2. Nguyễn Tuấn Nghĩa

Class : Advance Program K1




Hanoi, 5/2013
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………...…. page 3
OVERVIEW ABOUT AMMONIA
Historical development ……………………...………………...……...page 5
Ammonia’s Application……………………………………...………..page6
PRODUCTION OF PROCESS……………………………………………....page 8
The steps in the synthesis of ammonia……………………………..... page 8
Prepared mixture of nitrogen hydrogen……………………...page 8
Clean air……………………….….………………….………..page 9
Compressor ……….………………………………………….page10
Ammonia Synthesis……….…………………..…………….. page13
Promoted synthesis of ammonia……………………...…....................page13
Iron Catalyst Surface Properties…………………………..…….....…page14
Effect of Surface Orientation on Activity of IronCatalysts………………………………………………..….… page14
Dissociative Nitrogen Adsorption as Rate-Determining Step……….….………………………………..……………...page15
Some advance ammonia synthesis process…………………...……..page 20
TECHNOLOGY………………………………………………………….....page 29

CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION…………………………………….……....page 35




INTRODUCTION
Ammonia (NH3) is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with international names (according to IUPAC) is "Azane", "ammonia", "Hydrogen nitride", and a number of other names.
Ammonia is a chemical that has many applications.
Previously during World War II, each designed liquid NH3 used as rocket propellant.
Before diclorodiflorometan (Freon 12 or R12) and a number of organic compounds containing fluorine, chlorine (group CFCs) were invented and applied as refrigerant, the refrigerant is liquid NH3 unique. However, due to toxicity and the low energy efficiency of liquid NH3 was time to make way for the CFC in the field of refrigeration, especially the domestic refrigeration equipment small capacity (refrigerators, air conditioners gas, etc ...). However, the cold chain for high capacity, liquid NH3 still effective, especially since 1994 when many countries have banned the production and use of CFCs to mitigate the destruction of the ozone layer in the protocol Montreal (1987).
NH3 is currently the most used in the production of fertilizers and some basic chemicals. In the energy used for production of fertilizers (both solid and liquid) dominate, to over 80% of world production and NH3 equivalent to about 1% of total power generation capacity of the world. Besides NH3 is used in industrial frozen (ice production, food preservation, etc. ..), in the laboratory, in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry, and medical items other civil purposes. Also in environmental technology, NH3 is also used to remove SO2 in the exhaust gas of the combustion plant with fossil fuels (coal, oil) and ammonium sulfate product of the recovery process has can be used as fertilizer. NH3 is also used in selective reduction technology (SCR-selective catalytic reduction) catalyst containing vanadium for NOx pollutants in engine exhaust.
Liquid NH3 is now being used as commercial at the largest scale.
In addition to liquid NH3 in the industry still use the NH3 solution in water, particularly as it is still used directly as fertilizer in some countries (such as USA, Russia). In Russia, many people use liquid NH3 (conventional formula NH3.H2O) 9-92 GOST standards (GOST technical liquid ammonia 9-92). This is the solution of NH3 in water, concentrations of NH3 is 25% (min), is produced in the form of A 2 (type A) for the industry and type B (type B) used in agriculture ( directly as fertilizer).
Using the solution of NH3 in water safer to use by non-flammable liquid NH3 and not explode, but slightly separated from the liquid ammonia can create explosive mixtures with air in the storage conditions are hop.Viec and transportation solutions are also much simpler in comparison with liquid NH3 do not need the dedicated pressure tank (just use regular container with a lid and can be loaded up to 95% container capacity) .
NH3 used in laboratories and for civil purposes, often in the form of aqueous concentrations of 5, 10 or 25% in purity levels (P) or pure analysis (PA).
Due to some peculiarities of NH3, who work and use NH3 facing the risk of bringing such substances toxic, capable of causing environmental pollution, potentially unsafe due to high pressure (when using liquid ammonia) and a number of other risks. So in the water, the production, storage and transportation of ammonia and processes are specified. In Vietnam due to this problem is relatively new, so there are only very few documents for the direct use of NH3 at the manufacturing facility, which is not material, extensive information about this.
In our country, NH3 has been used for a long time in the refrigeration industry. However, the use is limited to a small scale. In recent years, the domestic industry, ammonia is emerging as an intermediate product, an important precursor, are in great demand in the industrial production of fertilizers containing nitrogen and compost (urea, DAP, etc ...) so the information related to NH3 as much attention.
In this paper, we will give some basic information, related to the production process, use, store and transport ammonia
OVERVIEW ABOUT AMMONIA
Historical development